齿状突骨折伴寰枢椎不稳的手术治疗

目的:探讨齿状突骨折伴寰枢椎不稳的治疗方案及疗效。方法 :2005年4月~2014年2月共手术治疗Ⅱ、Ⅲ型齿状突骨折患者48例,男33例,女15例,年龄21~74岁,平均43.3±29.0岁。新鲜骨折43例,陈旧骨折5例。按Grauer分型:Ⅱa型12例,Ⅱb型13例,Ⅱc型11例,浅Ⅲ型12例。术前均有外伤史,伴有颈部疼痛和活动受限。术前常规行颅骨牵引,牵引后骨折均有不同程度的复位。根据患者骨折类型、年龄、牵引复位情况、骨质情况、全身条件选择手术方式,22例采用前路单枚中空齿状突螺钉固定,其中1例因C6椎体骨折同时行C6椎体次全切除钛网支撑植骨钢板固定。24例采用经后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉固定取髂骨植骨融合,其中1例行一期后路C1/2椎弓根螺钉植骨融合+前路C5椎体次全切除钛网置入钢板内固定术,4例因椎动脉骑跨采用枢椎椎板螺钉固定。2例高龄患者因体质差合并骨质疏松,不能耐受全麻手术,行Halo-vest架固定。随访观察患者骨折融合率、颈椎活动度及神经功能恢复情况。结果:患者均顺利完成手术。前路手术患者中2例在术后1周复查CT时发现骨折移位,1例行翻修手术,取出内固定后重新置钉,再次复查CT示骨折复位满意,6个月后骨折愈合;1例改为后路C1/2椎弓根螺钉内固定植骨融合术,术后4个月植骨融合;2例发生喉上神经损伤,出现饮水呛咳,经对症处理后症状缓解。后路手术患者1例术中出现椎动脉破裂,置入螺钉后出血停止,未特殊处理;1例枢椎椎弓根螺钉进入椎管,无神经损伤症状,未特殊处理。所有患者均未发生脑脊液漏和脊髓损伤。随访12~120个月,平均25±72个月,骨折均达到骨性愈合。前路手术组颈椎屈伸和旋转功能正常,后路手术组颈椎旋转功能有不同程度受限。结论:对于齿状突骨折伴寰枢椎不稳的患者,根据骨折类型、患者年龄、牵引复位情况、骨质情况、全身条件综合考虑,制定个体化的手术方案,可获得良好的治疗效果。     

Comprehensive analysis of treatment-related adverse events of immunotherapy in advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

AimsImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been recognized as an effective treatment for advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer (AG/GEJC). However, the safety of ICIs in patients has not been established. We aimed to systematically assess the risk of all common treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) in immunotherapy of AG/GEJC.MethodsA systematic search of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published until May 2022 was performed using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. And a meta‐analysis was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) statement.ResultsA total of nine RCTs, including 2918 patients, met the eligibility criteria. The pooled overall incidences of all grade TRAEs, grade 3 or higher TRAEs and treatment-related death were 54.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 48.7%–60.2%, I²=75.55%), 12.8% (95% CI: 10.2%–15.7%, I²=51.61%) and 0.11% (95% CI: 0.00%–0.51%, I²=1.63%). Subgroup analyses showed that CTLA-4 inhibitors had a higher risk of any type of TRAEs, when compared with PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors. Meta-regression showed significant correlation between all grade TRAEs and proportion of female. Fatigue and diarrhoea were involved in common TRAEs.ConclusionsOur study provides a comprehensive overview of ICIs-associated AEs in AG/GEJC. Immunotherapy did not have a significantly increased risk experiencing any type of TRAEs, and ICIs had a more manageable safety profile than chemotherapy. These findings provide important guidance to clinicians in counseling and management of patients with AG/GEJC.     

Hepatitis B virus X protein boosts hepatocellular carcinoma progression by downregulating microRNA-137

BackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a frequent diagnosed malignancy. microRNAs (miRs) are involved in various cellular processes during cancer development. This study attempted to probe the miR-based mechanism in hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) small interfering RNA (siRNA)-treated HCC cells.MethodsHBx expression in hepatocyte and HCC cells was detected, and cells with highest HBx expression were screened out and transfected with HBx-siRNAs. Then the effect of HBx on HCC cell proliferation was detected. miRs differentially expressed in HBx-siRNA-transfected MHCC97H cells were analyzed and verified. miR-137 methylation was analyzed by bioinformatics, and miR-137 restoration was detected after Aza treatment. Furthermore, miR-137 methylation in MHCC97H cells with HBx knockdown or HBx overexpression was detected by methylation specific PCR. The targeting relationship between miR-137 and Notch1 was verified. Then the gain-and-loss functions of miR-137 or/and Notch1 were performed to estimate their roles in HCC cell proliferation. The effects of HBx-siRNA and overexpressed miR-137 in vivo were observed by tumor xenograft in nude mice and immunohistochemistry.ResultsHBx-siRNA weakened MHCC97H cell proliferation and tumor growth. miR-137 was highly expressed in HBx-siRNA-treated HCC cells and targeted Notch1. HBx knockdown decreased miR-137 methylation and restored miR-137 expression. miR-137 overexpression prevented HCC cell proliferation and tumor growth, while miR-137 downregulation reversed the repressing effects of HBx-siRNA on HCC cell proliferation. Inhibition of Notch1 reversed HCC cell proliferation induced by miR-137 downregulation.ConclusionOverexpression of miR-137 blocks HCC cell proliferation in HBx-siRNA-treated MHCC97H cells by targeting Notch1. This study may offer novel target for HCC treatment.     

Treatment outcome in presumed and confirmed AIDS-related primary cerebral lymphoma

A retrospective analysis identified 38 HIV seropositive patients with a diagnosis of presumed (n=26) or confirmed (n=12) primary cerebral lymphoma (PCNSL). All patients had failed to respond to empirical antitoxoplasma therapy and the clinical diagnosis of PCNSL was confirmed by brain biopsy (n=4), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination for Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) by PCR (n=7) or postmortem examination (n=1). There was no difference in the age, performance status, CD4 counts, antiretroviral usage or interval since first HIV serodiagnosis between patients with presumed or confirmed PCNSL. 16 patients received either radiotherapy (n=14) or chemotherapy (n=2). Patients with confirmed or presumptive PCNSL were equally likely to receive treatment. The median overall survival, which was measured from the end of unsuccessful antitoxoplasma therapy, was 1.2 months for the whole cohort. There was no difference in overall survival between patients with presumptive (median 0.8 months) and confirmed (median 1.3 months) PCNSL (logrank P=0.69). This suggests that there may be little value in positively diagnosing PCNSL in the current diagnostic algorithm. Recent improvements in outcome have been reported with systemic chemotherapy in HIV-PCNSL and may influence the need for earlier definitive diagnosis in the future.     

Comparative transcriptome analysis of embryo invasion in the mink uterus

IntroductionIn mink, as many as 65% of embryos die during gestation. The causes and the mechanisms of embryonic mortality remain unclear. The purpose of our study was to examine global gene expression changes during embryo invasion in mink, and thereby to identify potential signaling pathways involved in implantation failure and early pregnancy loss.MethodsIllumina's next-generation sequencing technology (RNA-Seq) was used to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in implantation (IMs) and inter-implantation sites (inter-IMs) of uterine tissue.ResultsWe identified a total of 606 DEGs, including 420 up- and 186 down-regulated genes in IMs compared to inter-IMs. Gene annotation analysis indicated multiple biological pathways to be significantly enriched for DEGs, including immune response, ECM complex, cytokine activity, chemokine activity and protein binding. The KEGG pathway including cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Jak-STAT, TNF and the chemokine signaling pathway were the most enriched. A gene network was constructed, and hub nodes such as CSF3, ICAM1, FOS, IL1B, IL8, CD14 and MYC were found through network analysis.DiscussionThis report provides a valuable resource for understanding the mechanisms of embryo implantation in mink.     

阴股局部皮瓣旋转移植人工阴道及宫颈成形术治疗先天性宫颈不全闭锁合并阴道完全闭锁临床分析

目的:探讨阴股局部皮瓣旋转移植人工阴道及宫颈成形术治疗先天性宫颈不全闭锁合并阴道完全闭锁的可行性及临床效果。方法:对2005年5月至2010年11月安徽医科大学阜阳临床学院妇科收治的先天性宫颈不全闭锁合并阴道完全闭锁患者5例,设计并施行了阴股局部皮瓣旋转移植人工阴道及宫颈成形术,对手术效果进行了观察。结果:5例手术均顺利,出院前阴道深度为7~10 cm。远期随访:5例均无痛经;患者阴道宽度与深度均满意。其中1例已结婚,性生活满意,已育1子1女。结论:阴股局部皮瓣旋转移植人工阴道及宫颈成形术是治疗先天性宫颈不全闭锁合并阴道完全闭锁的有效方法。     

Postoperative morbidity adversely impacts long-term oncologic prognosis following hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma: A multicenter observational study

Background & aimsPostoperative morbidity following hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is common and its impact on long-term oncological outcome remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate if postoperative morbidity impacts long-term survival and recurrence following hepatectomy for HCC.MethodsThe data from a multicenter Chinese database of curative-intent hepatectomy for HCC were analyzed, and independent risks of postoperative 30-day morbidity were identified. After excluding patients with postoperative early deaths (≤90 days), early (≤2 years) and late (>2 years) recurrence rates, overall survival (OS), and time-to-recurrence (TTR) were compared between patients with and without postoperative morbidity.ResultsAmong 2,161 patients eligible for the study, 758 (35.1%) had postoperative 30-day morbidity. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that diabetes mellitus, obesity, Child-Pugh grade B, cirrhosis, and intraoperative blood transfusion were independent risks of postoperative morbidity. The rates of early and late recurrence among patients with postoperative morbidity were higher than those without (50.7% vs. 38.8%, P < 0.001; and 41.7% vs. 34.1%, P = 0.017). Postoperative morbidity was associated with decreased OS (median: 48.1 vs. 91.6 months, P < 0.001) and TTR (median: 19.8 vs. 46.1 months; P < 0.001). After adjustment of confounding factors, multivariable Cox-regression analyses revealed that postoperative morbidity was associated with a 27.8% and 18.7% greater likelihood of mortality (hazard ratio 1.278; 95% confidence interval: 1.126–1.451; P < 0.001) and recurrence (1.187; 1.058–1.331; P = 0.004).ConclusionThis large multicenter study provides strong evidence that postoperative morbidity adversely impacts long-term oncologic prognosis after hepatectomy for HCC. The prevention and management of postoperative morbidity may be oncologically important.